The Architecture of Red Vienna – Eve Blau
This is a brilliant book on the subject of the architecture, design and politics of Red Vienna. A template as to how the architectural histories of cities can be approached.
The Austrian Revolution – Otto Bauer
Essential reading for the political context of the origins of Red Vienna.
Bauer personally knew many of the people he mentions and was directly involved in the events.
As clear a history of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as you’ll ever read.
Der Gemeindebauten des Roten Wien 1919 – 1934
Hans and Rudolph Hauptmann
A complete gazeteer of the housing of Red Vienna with maps, drawings, photographs, lists, notes, descriptions and much else.
It’s a big heavy book and not cheap; about the same price as a night or two in a pub in London.
It is worth the sacrifice.
Note that it’s in German.
The Red Vienna Sourcebook ed. Rob McFarland, Georg Spitaler, Ingo Zechner
Extensive coverage of a range of subjects; Austro-Marxism, the New Woman, sexuality, interior design, newspapers, radio, photography, nature, architecture, the fine arts and much more.
It is a great book to dip in and out of.
Das Rote Wien – Helmut Weihsmann
Essential for all students of the architecture of Red Vienna.
There is a lengthy introduction which outlines the context.
And then a catalogue of all of the Gemeindebauten. Includes clear and detailed maps.
The text is in German.
Vienna Diary – Naomi Mitchison
The diary Naomi Mitchison kept while she visited Vienna in the immediate aftermath of the civil war in 1934.
She describes the horror of the bombed workers’ flats, fascist murders and imprisonments.
Album vom Roten Wien
I bought this at Antiquariat Bücher Ernst, Gumpendorferstraße 84, Wien.
It was published in 1947 by the Social Democratic Workers’ Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs, SDAPÖ).
The book is in German, English, French and Russian.
Perhaps aimed at the occupying powers? It seems to have been part of a campaign by the SDAPÖ to rescue Red Vienna from the fascist period.
Writings – Josef Frank
Josef Frank was an architect, designer, socialist and writer. He was actively involved in the first phase of Red Vienna.
He put forward an non-dogmatic, colourful, playful and thoughtful approach to architecture and interior design.
He moved to Stockholm to escape the fascists. There he joined Svenkst Tenn and was hugely influential on Scandinavian design.
Josef Frank: Life and Work – Christopher Long
A comprehensive and readable account of Josef Frank, his life and work and the
context of Vienna and exile.
Josef Frank: Against Design
Good introduction to the life and
work of Josef Frank.
Full of illustrations and
photographs.
Rebel Modernists – Liane Lefaivre
This was given as a present. It was so thoughtful. How could someone know I would like this book so much?
It covers Fin de Siècle to the present day. I found it a good compliment to Blau. As I opened it, an entrance ticket to a recent visit to the Lenbachhaus in Munich fell out.
Finding Ella Briggs
This is the first biography of Ella Briggs, produced by a collective of researchers and writers who all share an interest in her work.
Briggs designed Pestalozzi Hof which can be seen as part of this Red Vienna Radical Walk:
Ella Briggs, Karl Marx & Modern Housing
Austria: From Habsburg to Hitler – Charles A. Gulick
These two volumes are a work of great scholarship.
Gulick was able to interview many people who had been involved in the period between 1919 – 1934.
He accepts he is not ‘neutral’ but he makes a great effort to present many different voices.
It demands to be read slowly and surely as it is packed with so much detail, political intrigue and manoeuvre and tidal shifts in the movement of classes and parties.
Otto Bauer – Thinker and Politician – Ewa Czerwińska-Schupp
A good introduction to the ideas and practice of Otto Bauer.
The author sometimes has a dogmatic view of Marxism but that doesn’t distract too much from her analysis of Bauer.
Red Vienna: Experiment in Working-Class Culture 1919 – 1934
Helmut Gruber
It has been suggested that Gruber was being deliberately provocative to generate discussion and critical responses. That’s a fair enough ambition and Red Vienna needs to be approached critically.
However, surely the biggest criticism of the social -democrats was their failure to dismantle the state apparatus in 1919 when they might have done so? But was that possible in 1919? Gulick is worth reading for the detail of that period.
Austria Still Lives! – Mitzi Hartmann
Mitzi Hartmann was the pen name of Eva Schmidt-Kolmer who wrote a personal memoir of the rise of the fascists. This is a good introduction to the political tensions and outcomes by someone who participated in the events.
In short, sharp passages she describes the tension between reform and revolution and the inherent weaknesses of social-democracy.
The World of Yesterday – Stefan Zweig
A coming of age memoir and a fascinating insight into the intellectual world of Vienna.
And how that lovely frothy cream became soured and poisonous.
Modern Housing – Catherine Bauer
Bauer spend months in Europe during the early 1930s and came up with this book which is partly a general overview, something of a history, and fundamentally a call to arms for better housing.
The book demands serious study.
Vienna is put into the context of innovative housing projects across Europe; in London, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Zurich and elsewhere.
Revolution in Central Europe – 1918 – 1919 – F.L.Carsten
Carsten grew up in Germany and was politically active in the 1920s and 1930s.
This is a readable book full of academic rigour. Excellent on the scale and history of the workers’ councils in central Europe in October and November 1918.
Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays – Adolf Loos
Loos was part of the development of modernism in Vienna before the First World War. He was one of the early and enthusiastic supporters of the Siedlung movement after the war.
I went to see some of the individual houses he designed in Vienna including the Schau Haus and what has became known as the Loos Haus. I missed a trick at the latter. I arrived at what looked like the beginnings of a party. Why didn’t I invite myself in?
Why a man should be well-dressed – Adolf Loos
Worth reading for the title alone.
The Tragedy of Austria – Julius Braunthal
Braunthal was active in the Social Democratic Party throughout the Red Vienna period, including Assistant Secretary for State between 1918 – 1920.
He was arrested and jailed for treason in 1934. He managed to escape Austria and moved to Britain. He wrote a three volume History of the International from the First International onwards.
Rotes Wien – Falters City Walks
A new arrival which awaits translating. A must have on future trips to Vienna.
A series of walks through the city to explore the topography of Red Vienna. Even with my (very) basic German it’s understandable.
Black Vienna: The Radical Right in the Red City – 1918 – 1938
Janek Wasserman
Describes how the far-right grew in Vienna in the inter-war period.
There are many lessons to be learned that are of relevance today.
Vienna and its Jews – George E. Berkley
I learned a lot from this book – although it has a number of inaccuracies and the author contradicts himself at times.
The destruction of the Jewish people of Vienna is shocking. As is the way in which so many of the perpetrators escaped any sort of justice.
Last Waltz in Vienna: The Destruction of a Family 1842 – 1942
George Clare
Immensely powerful and moving book. Full of insights of Vienna between the wars.
Fallen Bastions – G.E.R.Geyde
Geyde was a journalist and it shows. His writing is taut and at times reads like a well-crafted thriller.
His descriptions of the artillery attack on the Karl-Marx-Hof housing estate was one of those moments when one version of my ‘world view’ collapsed.
In many ways this was my introduction to Red Vienna and a very good one it is too.
Fin de Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture – Carl E. Schorske
This is brilliantly intellectual and accessible at the same time. It is a joy to read Schorke’s writing and become absorbed in his ideas and style.
This is already waiting to be packed for the next trip to Vienna where it will be re- read on a tour of the city’s cafes and bars.
Starting of course in the Loos bar.
Dream Story – Arthur Schnitzler
First published in 1926. Best read in one sitting, late at night.
Brings psychology into the drama of the past; a great force which is often neglected in political and technical histories.
Vienna: A Book of Photographs – Alfred Cermak
This sort of stuff can often be picked up relatively cheaply. I think this was a couple of quid in a charity shop.
It is telling that the photographs are of a certain sort. Council housing gets a small reference. It shows what Modernism and the architects of Red Vienna were up against.
.
Konegens Kinderbücher 87
Konegens Kinderbücher was established in 1910 to introduce children to classical literature in an accessible form.
In the early 1920s Helene Scheu-Riesz helped to found Sesam Books. This was based on the principles of learning through different cultures, the promotion of peace and empathy, and that books should be available to all and full of good quality storytelling, not propaganda.
These books can sometimes be picked up in second hand bookshops in Vienna.
Hoch die Republik
This little book was published in 1928 on the first anniversary of the declaration of the Republic. Copies were distributed to Viennese school children.
It starts with the horrors of the First World War and moves on to the achievements of the socialist council.
I picked up a copy at Antiquariat Burgverlag.
Newspapers
The Naschtmarkt is a great place to pick up newspapers, postcards and pictures from the Red Vienna period.
One Saturday morning I bought half a dozen of these newspapers for 10 euros. They cover the period of the Austrian revolution and are fascinating.
Das Rote Wien 1919 – 1934: Ideen, Debatten, Praxis
A well designed book which covers many aspects of Red Vienna. And full of photographs that the internet lacks.
For those of a certain age it is of a ‘telephone directory’ size.
In German.
The Kunsthistorische Museum Vienna
Manfred Leithe-Jasper, Rudolf Distelberger, Wolfgang Porhaska
Charity shops can be good sources of cheap art books. This is a hard-back guide to the Kunsthistorische Museum that cost £2.99 in Oxfam (about ten years ago). If you do go to Vienna you’ll need some down time from Red Vienna. There are many excellent museums, galleries, cafes and bars.
I once spent the best part of two weeks during a cold February in the Kunsthistorische Musuem. By the end I began to feel slightly uneasy that the authorities thought I was planning some sort of heist.
Radical Walks Exploring the Housing of Red Vienna
You can use these walks I’ve created to explore some of the housing of Red Vienna.
1. Ella Briggs, Karl Marx & Modern Housing
2. The Radical Housing of Meidling, Vienna
3. Favoriten and the end of Vienna
4. A Walk along Wahringer Strasse
6. Rabenhof, Vienna: A Radical Walk
7. Red Vienna: A Radical Walk
8. Penzing Vienna, A Radical Walk
9. The Red Vienna of Herderpark
10. Schönbrunn Palace, Am Tivoli and Red Vienna
11. Märzpark, The Nibelung & Red Vienna
Resources
Details of all the Gemeindebauten ~ this is a comprehensive database maintained by the City of Vienna which includes the housing of Red Vienna and all the other housing owned by the city. Includes history, architects, number of properties and much more.
Map of Red Vienna ~ I have a feeling this isn’t comprehensive but i) I may be wrong and ii) you will have plenty to do just exploring this
Architects of Vienna from 1770 – 1945 ~ this is one of the best online resources I’ve found on the architects of Red Vienna; and Vienna in general
Vienna History Wiki ~ lots about Red Vienna here. In German but there are so many good translation websites it’s easy to turn into other languages
Red Vienna – Publications 1924-34 ~ this is a superb resource for books published in Vienna between 1924 – 34. There are also links to other reading lists.
Building Red Vienna Danny Bee
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